X-Ray Diffraction
Figure 5: Miller indices
where h, k, and l are the Miller indices for each plane, d is the spacing, and a is the lattice constant.
XRD of ZnS:Cu+Ag sample, showing corresponding 2theta and d-spacing values
XRD of ZnS:Cu sample, showing corresponding 2theta and d-spacing values.
HCI
XRD of ZnS:Cu+Y sample, showing corresponding 2theta and d-spacing values.
XRD of ZnS:Cu sample, showing corresponding 2theta and d-spacing values.
Bugil
XRD of ZnS:Cu+Al sample, showing corresponding 2theta and d-spacing values.
XRD of ZnS:Cu+Mn sample, showing corresponding 2theta and d-spacing values.
X-ray diffraction were conducted for all samples.
The d-spacing can be found by Bragg’s Law.
where n = 1 is order of transition, 𝜃 is the diffraction angle of Bragg peak (in degrees), 𝜆 = 1.5406 Å is wavelength of x-ray, d is d-spacing (in Å).
The average particle size was approximated by Scherrer equation.
Figure 4: FWHM
where τ is the mean size of the ordered (crystalline) domains (different from grain size);
K is assumed to be 0.94, although it varies with crystal structure;
λ is the x-ray wavelength; β is FWHM (in radians);
θ is the Bragg angle (in degrees).
The Miller indices are obtained from the following equation.
Structural Parameters of ZnS:Cu Nanoparticles
